Hauv cov txheej txheem forging, kev kho cua sov yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau forgings. Kev kho cua sov feem ntau suav nrog plaub txheej txheem yooj yim: annealing, normalizing, quenching, thiab tempering, feem ntau hu ua plaub nplaim hluav taws kub kho hauv cov txheej txheem forging.
Thawj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kev kho cua sov hlau - annealing:
1. Annealing yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cua sov lub workpiece mus rau qhov tsim nyog kub, siv lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev raws li cov khoom thiab workpiece loj, thiab ces maj mam txias nws, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tau zoo los yog mus txog equilibrium nyob rau hauv lub internal qauv ntawm cov hlau, tau txais. zoo processability thiab usability, los yog npaj cov qauv rau ntxiv quenching.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing:
① Txhim kho lossis tshem tawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm casting, forging, dov, thiab vuam txheej txheem, los tiv thaiv workpiece deformation thiab tawg.
② soften lub workpiece rau txiav ua.
③ Txhim kho cov qoob loo loj thiab txhim kho microstructure los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
④ Npaj lub koom haum rau kev kho cua sov zaum kawg (quenching, tempering).
Qhov thib ob nplaim taws rau kev kho cua sov hlau - normalizing:
1. Normalization yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cua sov lub workpiece mus rau ib tug haum kub thiab txias nws nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov nyhuv ntawm normalizing zoo ib yam li annealing, tab sis lub resulting qauv yog finer. Nws yog feem ntau siv los txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thiab qee zaum siv los ua kev kho cua sov zaum kawg rau cov khoom nrog qis dua.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm normalizing:
① Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej txheem coarse coarse thiab Weibull qauv ntawm castings, forgings, thiab welded qhov chaw, nrog rau cov qauv banded hauv cov ntaub ntawv dov; Ua kom cov nplej loj; Thiab nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho cua sov ua ntej ua ntej quenching.
② Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov mesh zoo li cov carbides theem nrab thiab ua kom zoo dua cov pearlite, uas tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog, tab sis kuj pab txhawb rau yav tom ntej spheroidization annealing.
③ Dawb carbides ntawm cov ciam teb tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los txhim kho lawv qhov kev sib sib zog nqus nqus.
Qhov thib peb hluav taws kub ntawm kev kho cua sov hlau - quenching:
1. Quenching yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cua sov thiab insulating ib tug workpiece, ua raws li los ntawm ceev ceev txias nyob rau hauv ib tug quenching nruab nrab xws li dej, roj, los yog lwm yam inorganic ntsev los yog organic aqueous daws. Tom qab quenching, cov khoom steel ua nyuaj tab sis kuj nkig.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching:
① Txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hlau lossis cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, kev txhim kho lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej, bearings, thiab lwm yam., ua kom cov elastic txwv ntawm springs, thiab txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov ncej.
② Txhim kho cov khoom siv lossis tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Xws li kev txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau thiab ua kom cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Plaub qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kev kho cua sov hlau - tempering:
1. Yuav kom txo tau cov brittleness ntawm steel qhov chaw, tempering yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas quenched steel qhov chaw yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog kub saum toj no chav tsev kub tab sis qis dua 710 degree rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab ces txias. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua tempering.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tempering:
① Txhawm rau txo qis hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab brittleness, quenched qhov chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab brittleness. Yog hais tias tsis tempered nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, deformation thiab txawm cracking feem ntau tshwm sim.
② Kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm lub workpiece. Tom qab quenching, lub workpiece muaj siab hardness thiab brittleness. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau yam haujlwm, tempering tuaj yeem siv los kho hardness, lub zog, plasticity, thiab toughness.
③ Stabilize qhov ntev ntawm lub workpiece. Tempering tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv metallographic kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj deformation tshwm sim thaum siv yav tom ntej.
④ Txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qee cov hlau alloy.
